The two commonest malignant bone tumours contains Ewing and osteosarcoma tumour. Local swelling, pain and occasional pathological fractures are clinical presentation. In the femur around the knee or in the proximal humerus of adolescents and young adults, osteosarcomas arise more frequently. Ewing tumours appear usually in flat bones of the axial skeleton, and the mid Full Article…
Germ cell tumours Germ cell tumours arise from precursors of sperm and ova. However, they retain the potential to yield tissues resembling any somatic or in favor of structure. Besides that, germ cell tumours may be benign or malignant. They arise either within extra-gonadally or the gonades, where they are checked predominantly in the midline, consisting of Full Article…
Thyroxine Thyroxine, or tetraiodothyronine (T4) is the major hormone secreted by the thyroid gland. Being similar with steroid hormones, thyroxine travels in the blood attached to carrier proteins, For the most part, thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG). A small amount of triiodothyronine, or T3 are secreted by the thyroid as well. The carrier proteins have a higher Full Article…
Hormones that are in the same chemical category have resemble mechanisms of action even though each hormone exerts its own characteristic effects on specific target cells. The position of cellular receptor proteins and the events take place in the target cells after the hormone has combined with its receptor protein are connected with these similarities. Full Article…
Thymus Located in the upper mediastinum, in front of the aorta and behind the manubrium of the sternum. the thymus is a bilobed organ. It sharply regresses in size after puberty, and it is relatively large in newborns and children, even though the size of the thymus varies considerably. In addition to reducing in size, Full Article…
Negative feedback inhibition from the target gland hormones controls the anterior pituitary secretion of ACTH, TSH, and the gonadotropins (FSH and LH). A rise in corticosteroid secretion inhibits the secretion of ACTH, and a rise in the secretion of thyroxine from the thyroid inhibits the TSH. Removal of the target glands easily demonstrates these negative Full Article…
Hypothalamic control of the anterior pituitary is finished through hormonal rather than neural regulation for that axons do not enter the anterior pituitary. Releasing hormones and inhibiting hormones, which are tranported to axon terminals in the basal portion of the hypothalamus, are produced by the neurons in the hypothalamus. Blood capillaries, which drained by venules Full Article…
Clinical presentation. The infant shows with right sided heart failure, once the stenosis is very dangerous. Through the foramen ovale, there might be cyanosis from a right to left shunt of blood. In moderate and mild examples a heart murmur can be heard on routine examination. Whereas, dysfunction of the right ventricle and arrhythmias are Full Article…
Examination. The child shows well, and he is pink. The pulses are usually small in volume, and of the slow improving, plateau kind. The systolic blood stress might be low. On palpation, the left ventricle is prominent, and a thrill might be palpable at the lower left sternal border, in the neck over the carotid Full Article…
Milk aspiration. For the newborn infant, it is a great challenge that through the mouth to separate in the pharynx the air breathed in through the nose and milk sucked in. They always swallow air and get it wrong. What is more, they get it wrong and inhale milk on occasion. It is obvious that Full Article…
Bone marrow growth factors. Bone marrow growth factors, namely, colony stimulating factors has ensured in recent study, which stimulate blood cell production. The duration of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia can be decreased by these growth factors. It is hoped that this may control the duration of chemotherapy-induced bone marrow suppression for patients with curable disease and allow a safe improve Full Article…
Among young children who drink alcohol accidentally, or older school children who drink alcohol experimentally. Alcohol is a serious acute. The acute encephalopathy is usually enhanced by severe hypoglycaemia, which is very common in children in general. What is more, it results in death on occasion. Blood glucose must be carefully monitored at the bedside, Full Article…
Once their infants do not show to be growing fast enough, mothers are worried in nature. Nowadays, babies are measured at regular intervals in lots of western societies. Further enquiry is made under the condition of they fail to grow satisfactorily compared with the average for that community. The first indication of a dangerous underlying Full Article…
For smokers of any age, the advantages of quitting smoking are substantial. Compared with a continuing smoker, a person gives up smoking before age 50, who has half the risk of dying in the next 15 years. Smoking cessation decreases the risks of becoming lung cancer. On one hand, with the risk falling to half Full Article…
In the development of chronic renal failure, urinary tract infections are an important reason. What is more, they are a major factor of illness. The urethra is shorter in females and anal openings and the urethral are closer together. For that reason, females are more susceptible to urinary tract infections than are males. The incidence Full Article…
Blood pressure in the arterial system is controlled by changes in the cardiac rate, total peripheral resistance and blood volume. And they are arranged by centers within the medulla oblongata. Reasons Affecting Blood Pressure As these vessels have the tiniest diameters, resistance to flow in the arterial system is greatest in the arterioles. As a Full Article…
A lot of family doctors work in team practices in health centers. In some centers a doctor in the group, with the health visitors, takes regular child health clinics so that provides a preventive health service and exam every child back and fourth. In others a special clinical medical officer attends the clinic. Therefore in their daily life, they Full Article…
After delivery, “is my baby all right ?” is usually the first questions that mothers concern. Here, a part of minor anomalies for a newborn can be listed as following: Cysts in the mouth Teeth possible be appear at birth: some have to be removed, and some are loose. It occurs on the palate near Full Article…
Either food is in abundance or there is a genetic component in the aetiology, all of two are easy to cause obesity. There is no doubt that obesity has become a common and serious health problem at present. Particularly, fat adults are much easy to get these ill: they have more problems with piles, skin crease ailments Full Article…
There are three reasons that accidents in childhood differ from those affecting adults, which is quite significant in any accident: the surroundings in which it took place For instance, the degree of parental supervision. the causative agent or circumstance For instance a swimming pool or a car. the child himself is the most Full Article…